Fiscal crisis and fiscal reform in developing countries

In recent years, policy-makers in developing countries haveresponded to crisis of macroeconomic instability with two setsof measures: conventional stabilisation policies and policiesof economic liberalisation. The fiscal implications of thisdouble agenda are set out, following three lines of enquiry.First, how can policies be kept consistent, when some liberalisationmeasures have large adverse fiscal consequences? Second, cana fiscal deficit be reduced without damaging the provision ofpublic services vital for growth and poverty alleviation? Finally,since lack of tax revenue is usually the binding constrainton government intervention, how can this most easily be relaxed?     

浅议异行业中公允价值的异同

公允价值在新会计准则中的应用引起人们的普遍关注，对于会计领域中的这一重大改变，资产评估领域应当予以重视。本文针对会计领域中的公允价值和资产评估价值加以阐述比较，弄清两者之间的关系，有利于资产评估业务的开展和发展。     

公允价值计量模式研究

财务会计的核心问题之一是会计计量问题。从国际财务会计的发展动向看,由于对金融工具、特别是衍生工具的计量需要,公允价值计量模式备受关注。我国也高度关注公允价值理论和实务的发展,财政部颁布的新会计准则中,已将公允价值作为计量属性之一。但应用中出现的问题和阻力使公允价值计量成为财务会计的难题之一,本文对此进行了探讨。     

两种类型旅游节事居民感知的比较研究——对泰安泰山国际登山节和东岳庙会的问卷调查

本文以泰安市传统的东岳庙会和泰山国际登山节为研究对象，探讨旅游地居民对不同类型日常重大节事的感知及其差异。结果显示，居民对两个节事各方面的积极影响都有明确认识。对于传统类型的东岳庙会，居民更看重其带来的社会文化利益；而对于现代类型的泰山国际登山节，提升地方形象的认知更强烈一些。从居民感知结果看，不同类型节事的功能特色已有一定分化，但远没有达到比较完善的程度，在旅游和社会发展方面的作用也还没有充分体现出来。要提高节事的举办质量和居民的积极性，应该在举办方式、政府及居民的参与方式和程度方面进行必要的改革。     

公允价值的引入对投资性房地产核算的税务影响

新会计准则对企业的税务影响主要是相对影响,着重表现在对企业所得税费用的影响,但也有绝对影响,即对应纳所得税额的影响。本文结合实例分析新会计准则在投资性房地产等业务处理上适度引入"公允价值"作为会计核算计量模式后的税务影响。     

Changing the Concepts to Justify the Standards*

In this paper, I discuss the current project to converge the IASB and FASB conceptual frameworks, specifically efforts to purge the converged framework of concepts that hinder the promotion of balance sheet valuation using fair values. I discuss why I believe these efforts to be misguided, based on how investors who analyze financial statements employ accounting information. I focus on stewardship, reliability, and earnings — terms either demoted in importance or at risk of being eliminated in the framework convergence project. I explain their salience to financial statement users and argue against their deletion or demotion.     

论公平分配实现的微观基础

文章首先在理论上提出初次分配是实现公平分配的基础,强调企业内收入分配制度的改革是在初次分配领域实现公平分配的微观基础上进行,并详细论述了实现企业内公平分配的产权基础,从而为中国解决收入差距过大、实现公平分配提供实践指南。     

Discussions on Fair Value

In the eighth edition of International Valuation Standards （IVS） published by International Valuation Standards Committee （IVSC）, ＂Fair value＂ is introduced into the asset valuation standards as one specific kind of valuation beside the market value. This definition is not only quite different from the one in the accounting standards, but also difficult to explain in the perspective of asset valuation. This paper focuses on the ＂Fair Value＂ in order to make its relevant meaning and application scope clear in accounting and asset valuation respectively. The discussion helps to avoid the abuse and the misunderstanding of ＂Fair Value＂ for the sake of vague definition.     

What determines early exercise of employee stock options in Australia?

Employee stock options (ESOs) are a popular way of remunerating employees. We analyse factors at the firm and option level affecting the employee's decision to exercise ESOs before they mature. Exercises over the period 1998–2004 are analysed and the key factor influencing early exercise is found to be dividends. Exercises frequently occur well before maturity, but in most cases little time value is sacrificed. Our findings have implications for the ‘fair’ valuation of ESOs in companies’ financial statements, as required by the relevant Australian accounting standard, AASB 2.     

中国社会保障税税制设计的探讨——基于企业增值税代替工资总额为税基的税制设计构想

对于中国社会保障税税制的设计，以企业增值税代替现行的工资总额为税基，把“增值税”作为社会统筹部分的社会保障税税基；在提出中国社会保障税设计应遵循的原则基础上，进行社会保险税税制要素设计的若干构想；最后，分析以“增值税”为税基可能出现的问题及其完善。